课文阅读
A famous monastery 著名的修道院
monatery n. a building in which MONKS live together 隐修院；修道院；寺院
The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. 圣伯纳德大山口连接着瑞士与意大利。
pass n. a road or way over or through mountains 关口；关隘；山路
a mountain pass
Swiss adj. from or connected with Switzerland 瑞士的
Swiss n. (pl. Swiss) a person from Switzerland 瑞士人
At 2473 meters, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. 海拔 2473 米，是欧洲最高的山口。
The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. 11 世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于离山口 1 英里远的地方。
For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. 几百年来，圣伯纳德修道院驯养的狗拯救了许多翻越这道险要山口的旅游者的生命。
These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. 这些最先从亚洲引进的狗，待人友好，早在罗马时代就给人当看门狗了。
watchdog n.
- a person of a group of people whose job is to check that companies are not doing anything illegel or ignoring people’s rights （监督公司活动及监护人们权利的）监察人；监察团体
a consumer watchdog 消费者监察人
- a dog that is kept to guard a building 看门狗
Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. 如今由于在山里开挖了隧道，翻越山口已不那么危险了，但每年还要派狗到雪地里去帮助那些遇到困难的旅游者。
now conj. because the thing mentioned is happening or has just happened 既然；由于
~ (that …): Now that the kids have left home we’ve got a lot of extra space. 孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽绰了。
Depsite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot. 尽管修通了隧道，但仍有一些人想冒险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口。
rash adj. (of people of their actions) doing sth that may not be sensible without first thinking about the possible results; done in this way （人或行为）轻率的；鲁莽的
~ (to do sth): It would be rash to assume that everyone will agree with you on this. 你要是认为在这件事上谁都会同意你的看法，那就太欠考虑了。
rash n.
- an area of red spots on a person’s skin, caused by an illness or a reaction to sth 皮疹；疹 [C, usually sing.]
I woke up covered in a rash. 我醒来时长了一身皮疹。
- a lot of sth; a series of unpleasant things that happen over a short period of time 大量；许多；（涌现的）众多令人不快的事物 [sing.]
~ (of sth): a rash of movies about life in prison 大量关于监狱生活的电影
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. 夏天的几个月里，修道院十分忙碌，因为有成千上万的人驾车通过山口，顺道来修道院参观。
As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. 由于来人太多，狗被关在专门的护栏里。
about prep.
- in many directions in a place; here and there 在……到处；在……各处
We wandered about the town for an hour or so. 我们在城里到处游逛了一个小时左右。
- a various parts of a place; here and there 在……四处
The papers were strewn about the room. 房间里四处乱扔着文件。
- next to a place or person; in the area mentioned 在……附近；在……地方
She’s somewhere sbout the office. 她在办公室附近。
enclosure n.
- a piece of land that is surrounded by a fence or wall and is used for a particular purpose 圈占地；圈用地；围场 [C]
a wildlife encloure 野生动物围场
- the act of placing a fence or wall around a piece of land 圈地 [U,C]
the enclosure of common land in the seventeenth century 17 世纪对公用地的圈占
- something that is placed in an ENVELOPE with a letter (信中)附件 [C]
In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. 然而到了冬天，修道院里的生活则是另一番景象。
The temperature drops to -30° and very people attempt to cross the Pass. 气温下降到零下 30 度，试图翻越山口的人寥寥无几。
The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. 修道士们喜欢冬天，而不太喜欢夏天。因为在冬天，他们可以更多地过上无人打扰的生活。
monk n. a member of a religious group of men who often live apart from other people in a MONASTERY and who do not marry or have personal possessions 僧侣；修道士
Buddhist monks 佛教僧侣
privacy n. [U]
- the state of being alone and not watched or interrupted by other people 独处；私密；不受打扰
I value my privacy. 我重视自己的私人空间。
in the ~ of sth: He read the letter later in the privacy of his own room. 稍后，他在自己的房间里私下读了那封信。
- the state of being free from the attention of the public 隐私
privacy rights 隐私权
She complained that the photographs were an invasion of her privacy. 她抱怨这些照片侵犯了她的隐私。
The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. 狗也比较自由，被放出围栏，四处溜达。
The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. 冬天常来修道院参观的只有一批批滑雪者。他们在圣诞节或复活节到那儿去。
party n. a group of people who are doing sth together such as travelling or visiting somewhere （一起旅行或参观等的）群，队，组 [C + sing. / pl. v.]
The school is taking a party of 40 children to France. 学校将带领一个 40 人的儿童团队前往法国。
skier n. a person who skis 滑雪者
These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receieve a warm welcome at St. Bernard’s monastery. 这些热爱高山清净环境的年轻人每年都受到圣伯纳德修道院的热烈欢迎。
课文理解
- St. Bernard dogs are best known for _____.
- (a) being a great summer tourist attraction
- (b) having saved people’s lives before the new tunnel was built
- (c) being able to serch people who have been trapped in the snow
- (d) the freedom they have to wander about in the winter
(c). 原文提到，狗搜寻走失的人们。
- What is the main advantage of the tunnel?
- (a) It prevents people from endangering their lives by climbing the Pass.
- (b) It brings thousands of tourists to the monastery each summer.
- (c) It provides a fast and safe communication across the Swiss-Italian border.
- (d) It brings the St. Bernard monks into greater contact with the world.
(c). 隧道的建成减少了人员的走失，也就降低了该山口的危险。
endanger v. to put sb / sth in a situation in which they could be harmed or damaged 使遭危险；危及；危害
~ sb / sth: The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子的健康正受到废气损害。
communication n. methods of sending information, especially phones, radio, computers, etc. or roads and railways 通信；交通联系 [U]
- In what way does life at the St. Bernard monastery differ in winter?
- (a) The great number of visitors must to come to the monastery on skis.
- (b) The dogs are free to save the lives of people lost in the snow.
- (c) The monks are more welcoming to their visitors.
- (d) The monks can pursue their occupation relatively undisturbed.
(d). 在冬天，修道士们的生活相对更加安宁。
ski n. one of the pair of long narrow pieces of wood, metal or plastic that you attach to boots so that you can move smoothly over snow 滑雪板
on ~s: The children go to school on skis. 孩子们滑雪去上学。
occupation n.
- a job or profession 工作；职业 [C]
Please state your name, age and occupation below. 请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。
- the way in which you spend your time, especially when you are not working 消遣；业余活动 [C]
Her main occupation seems to be shopping. 逛商店购物似乎是她的主要消遣。
- the act of moving into a country, town, etc. and taking control of it using military force; the period of time during which a country, town, etc. is controlled in this way 侵占；占领；占领期 [U]
under ~: The zones under occupation contained major industrial areas. 被占领地区里有主要的工业区。
- the act of living in or using a building, room, piece of land, etc. （房屋、土地等的）占用，使用，居住 [U]
in ~: The following applies only to tenants in occupation after January 1, 2010. 以下规定适用于 2010 年 1 月 1 日后入住的房客。
relatively adv. to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to sth else 相当程度上；相当地；相对地
I found the test relatively easy. 我觉得这次测验比较容易。
语法
- The highest mountain pass in Europe is _____.
- (a) of 2473 meters
- (b) at 2473 meters high
- (c) high 2473 meters
- (d) 2473 meters high
(d).
- a few people who are _____ to cross the Pass on foot.
- (a) rash enough
- (b) so rash
- (c) too rash
- (d) very rash
(a).
- _____ so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in an enclosure.
- (a) With
- (b) Being
- (c) Because
- (d) Having
(a).
- The monks let _____ outside their enclosure.
- (a) them to wander
- (b) to them wandering
- (c) them wander
- (d) them wandering
(c).
- Parties of skiers _____ the monastery in winter.
- (a) visit to
- (b) are visiting at
- (c) visit
- (d) are visiting
(c).
词汇
- The great St. Bernard Pass lies _____ Switzerland and Italy.
- (a) within
- (b) between
- (c) about
- (d) along
(b).
- The dogs are sent out into the snow _____ a traveller is in difficulty.
- (a) if ever
- (b) in case
- (c) all the time
- (d) while
(a).
(just) in case (…) * because of the possibility of sth happening 以防；以防万一
You’d better take the keys in case I’m out. 你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。
all the time | the whole time
- during the whole of a particular period of time （在某段时间内）一直，始终
The letter was in my pocket all the time. 这信一直就在我的口袋里。
- very often; repeatedly 经常；总是；老是
She leaves the lights on all the time. 她总是让灯亮着。
- Thousands of people _____ over the Pass.
- (a) trip
- (b) voyage
- (c) conduct
- (d) drive
(d).
voyage v. to travel, especially by sea or in space over a long distance （尤指海上或太空）航行，远航 [I]
- adv. / prep.
conduct v. to lead or guide sb through or around a place 带领；引导；为（某人）导游 [T]
~ sb / sth + adv. / prep.: The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 导游带领我们游览了古城遗迹。
- They are allowed to _____ outside their enclosure.
- (a) graze
- (b) drift
- (c) roam
- (d) wonder
(c).
graze v. (of cows, sheep, etc.) to eat grass that is growing in a field. （牛、羊等）（在草地上）吃青草 [I,T]
~ on sth: The horses were grazing on the lush grass. 马群正在啃食茂密的青草。
~ sth: The field had been grazed by sheep. 这块地羊已经啃过了。
drift v.
- to move along smoothly and slowly in water or air 漂流；漂移；飘 [I]
(+ adv. / prep.): Clouds drifted across the sky. 朵朵浮云在空中飘过。
- to move or go somewhere slowly 缓缓移动；缓慢行走 [I]
- adv. / prep.: The crowd drifted away from the scene of the accident. 人群逐渐从事故现场散去。
roam v. to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction 徜徉；闲逛；漫步 [I,T]
- adv. / prep.: The sheep are allowed to roam freely on this land. 绵羊可以在这片土地上自由走动。
~ sth: to roam the streets 在街道上漫步
